![]() The histological subtype, grade, size, extracapsular spread, and lymphovascular invasion status can be considered among the main factors affecting the prognosis of renal tumors ( 6). However, the incidence of renal tumors, which are often incidentally diagnosed as smaller and low-grade tumors, is increasing because of the widespread use of non-invasive imaging tools. The 5-year survival rate is less than 20%, even if the metastatic tumor is removed, the survival is between 25 and 50% ( 5). Therefore, the management of these patients is very challenging. Survival in RCC is poor, especially in the clear cell subtype, which is prone to diagnosis at an advanced stage, and 20%-30% of patients are also in the metastatic stage during this period ( 3, 4). ![]() RCCs, highly angio-invasive tumors, tend to metastasize to the lungs, bones, liver, and brain by hematogenous and lymphatic spread. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises 85%-90% of primary renal malignant tumors originating from the renal tubular epithelium and has different genetic characteristics ( 2). ![]() ![]() Kidney cancers have histological subtypes with different characteristics, account for approximately 3% of adult cancers, and are in the third rank among urogenital cancers ( 1). ![]()
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